Department of Psychological Science
University of Mary Washington
Mercer Hall
1301 College Avenue
Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401
540-654-1054
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Contact Dr. Mindy Erchull: merchull@umw.edu
Hi everyone! The topic of your study is incredibly interesting! I have always had an interest in learning more about sleep and dreams and since I am going to be an elementary school teacher, developmental psych is also very interesting to me. I’ve never heard of the term “sleep hygiene” and I’ve never really thought of how parenting experienced in childhood can influence sleep patterns as an adult! Parenting really has a lasting influence on so many factors in a child. Your hypothesis makes so much sense and even though your results weren’t significant, it does imply the scope and high influence parenting has on a child, as well as it’s long term effects. It would be super interesting to see a long-term study like this that examines how parenting influences a child’s sleep patterns and sleep hygiene as they develop over the years: if it changes or remains consistent, and what kind of parenting interventions may help benefit the child’s quality of sleep. Great job!
Interesting project! Sleep is definitely a key topic to explore in the college environment.
You mentioned that you had uneven groups for the different parenting styles. What were the different group sizes?
Also, in your graph, you have a “no group” bar. Are these participants who experienced parenting style not readily classified into the core 3 categories? If so, did you consider doing your analyses with these participants removed so they weren’t muddying your analyses?
Thank you Professor Erchull!
Our group sizes were: permissive= 6 authoritarian= 30 authoritative= 38 no group= 13. The no group category indicated that the participant did not fit into one parenting style according to the questions asked, yes!
We did not consider removing that group because in the literature that we referenced, they also used the PAQ and did not remove any group. Our anticipation was that majority of participants would fit into one of the parenting styles.
Thanks for your question!
You mentioned low power as a limitation of your study, so I wanted to ask two follow-up questions about that.
1. How many people were in your sample and how low was power? Your F values were less than 1, so that is probably more consistent with a null finding than a trend toward significance.
2. Another thought I had was about the PAQ. If I remember correctly, I think it gives each parent a score on each parenting style (rather than putting them into nominal groups). If so, then you could re-analyze your data as two multiple regressions with the 3 parenting styles (used in interval/ratio form) as predictors of the sleep outcomes separately. You have a lot more power using the variables in a continuous rather than categorical fashion.
Just a few thoughts. Great job on the poster and the talk!
Dr. Schiffrin, thanks for all the insight! Our total sample size was 87, but it was categorized unevenly among our four parenting style groups (where n ranged from 6-38 participants in a group). For our sleep hygiene variable, we had power = .11 and for sleep quality it was .20, so unfortunately neither one resulted in high power levels. I think a large reason for the limitations in the results of our study have to do with our choice in scale for parenting measure; you’re right that the PAQ doesn’t create definitive categories among parenting styles, which created a lot of difficulty when it came to sort the participants into the correct IV levels! I think that our sample size of 87 was pretty decent for a research methods sample, but that having one nominal group be as small as 6 participants really affected our power and ability to reject the null accurately. Using multiple regressions instead of ANOVA could definitely help with this issue, and it would be interesting to see how it affects power. If we were to repeat our study, we’d probably go in that direction, and/or choose a different parenting style scale to use!
Hi guys! I thought your topic was incredibly interesting. I think sleep is a topic that needs to be talked about and researched more because many adults have some type of sleep disorder. I have insomnia, and I knew that I got it from my parents, but not like this. It’s fascinating how parents have such an influence on their child, even in adulthood. I also believe that sleep doctors play a part in this because doctors always seem to rattle off the same comments when discussing that you aren’t sleeping. “Don’t use screens, calm down, relax…” instead of trying to understand the child’s home life. I believe that this topic needs to have more research done to understand our parents’ effect on us genuinely. Overall, I loved your project, and your topic was very fascinating. Great job!
I thought this was a really interesting topic and a great idea! I think that it is interesting how the parenting styles we are exposed to can affect our lives later on. I am sorry that you didn’t have significant results. I wonder if branching outside of college students would give you a better set of data. It seems that on sleep hygiene and sleep quality the different parenting types all fell around the same mean. I wonder if it is because the age of your participants.
Thank you for the insight Chloe! We did face issues with low variance due to having very uneven groups and similar levels of sleep quality and sleep hygiene among the different parenting styles. We didn’t realize that the age range may have played an important role in our results , increasing our age range and having more non-college students definitely could have increased variance! If we were to repeat the study that would be a great way to change the outcome.
Hello! I thought that this topic was an awesome idea and I find it so interesting that you had one independent variable and two dependent variable. I was wondering, why did you choose to do two dependent variables rather than two independent variables? Since you didn’t get any significant results, maybe you could try a different dependent variable, like mental health or relationships as adults (and you could broaden your participant age range to have more participants and higher power). One last final question I was wondering was what do you mean by uneven sample sizes for parenting styles in your limitation section? I love the aesthetic of your poster, you guys did a great job!!!
Hi! Thank you for your feedback! We chose two dependent variables because sleep quality and sleep hygiene often go hand in hand together in research having to do with sleep. We also wanted to see the relationship both of them had with parenting styles because of how closely related they are. I do like your idea about looking at other variables such as mental health! What we mean by uneven sample sizes is that for our permissive parenting group, we only had six total participants, whereas authoritarian and authoritative both had over thirty participants in each group. We also had another small group of thirteen participants who were not placed in a parenting style group. We think this could be part of the reason why we did not have significant findings, because unequal variances can violate one of the assumptions of ANOVAs.
Hi! This study was so interesting to read about. I wonder if you would have been able to obtain more significant or different results based on the types of questions asked in the survey, however, it totally makes sense that the uneven sample sizes had a large effect on the results. In the future it would be interesting to see the differences in results based on the types of questions asked.
Very interesting experiment! I was honestly surprised that you were unable to find an interaction between these variables. They seem to go hand-in-hand!
I do have a question about particular parenting styles. What do you think gives an authoritative parenting style a slight advantage when it comes to sleep hygiene? Do you think authoritative parenting should be advocated for when it comes to children having healthy sleep schedules or not? Also, I was wondering about the behavioral side of this. Do you believe that sleeping behaviors can be learned and imitated simply by the child observing the sleeping behavior of the parent(s)?
I think the study was very interesting. I agree that maybe having more data from all parenting styles might result in different findings. I know for myself I made a nightly routine for myself and that helped me get better sleep. It makes sense that a good routine will help children.
I enjoyed reading through your poster, sleep quality and hygiene and parenting styles are not two factors I have thought about often but I can see how your hypothesis makes sense. I also would have predicted the same thing! I wonder if changing the independent variable would result in a significant predictor of sleep quality and hygiene. For example, measuring phone use before bed, hours spent on the phone during the day, etc could be more sensitive to your study and more recent for participants to look back on rather than childhood memories of their parents parenting style.