Thank you for your feedback, Chloe! We are glad that you enjoyed our study. In regards to our decision to focus solely on women who grew up in a home with heterosexual parental figures, egalitarianism in our study is the idea that both parental figures share equal amounts of domestic labor. With that being said, the majority of the back literature found revolved around the concept of egalitarian and or traditional (less egalitarian) heterosexual couples due to the gender norm that women tend to be the ones to take on this domestic, familial role, while the husband takes on a more economical role for the family. Because we wanted to focus on that gender norm specifically, we presumed that it may be difficult to separate/conceptualize this same study with two parental figures of the same gender.

Corri said it best, but yes, we had to be specific in order to be simplistic with the data. If we had more time and if Covid hadn’t limited us we may have been able to explore further.

Thank you very much! we considered using more subscales but we figured that would be overkill and just overwhelming when delivering our results.

Thanks so much! The amount of hypotheses made the data analysis a bit more complicated, but we wanted to include as many subsections as we could.

Thank you for your feedback, Dr. Steckler! To follow up what Caroline had stated, we definitely thought using more subscales may be a bit difficult in our overall write-up of the study (there were 9 subscales in the CFNI-45). Similarly, we found that the Cronbach’s alpha for the Relational and Thinness subscales were not the best in regards to our study, so it was fairly simple to eliminate them from our analysis.

I definitely agree that it would be interesting to look at parent child relationship in future research, because we may see the child trying to double down on behavior that the parent rejects, or perhaps rejecting their parents ideals. I’ve seen it especially in terms of generational and political divides within families. It’s important to consider many variables.

Thank you! Yes I agree that we may have been able to explore more variables if we had more time. I’m not sure how we would measure it other than finding a scale used in other studies with strong reliability.

Thanks for your comment, Gina! For future research, assessing parent-adult child closeness would likely be evaluated through an attachment style questionnaire. We debated a lot over whether to include attachment style, but with the amount of sub scales that we had, it would have been difficult. An alternative study could include attachment style as a moderator instead of bullying.

Overall, I don’t think that trend has changed. I saw recently that many women left their jobs or were let go during the pandemic, and have taken up most of the domestic responsibilities. The participants were recruited from UMW psych classes and through social media posts.

Thanks for your comment Marie! In researching for this project, it does seem like there has been a general shift towards egalitarianism, but when it comes to child rearing, parents tend to fall into the traditional roles. For our study we swapped the wording of the questions so that the adult children would be filling out the survey based on their experiences with their parents.

Thank you! I definitely wish we had a greater sample size that was more reflective of the general population. I also agree with your reasoning and I wish we had more time to consider more variables!

Thank you for your feedback Dalton! I 100% agree with you in regards to parental styles within the home differentiating based on race/ethnicity. I believe that that would be an interesting variable to include within a study regarding parenting styles specifically (i.e., Authoritarian, Authoritative, etc.). Although, whether or not race/ethnicity would have played a role in our results, I am unsure of. I have not seen much research done regarding the individual differences among races pertaining to egalitarianism/traditional parenting division of labor. And yes, I agree! We saw in several articles that women tend to bully more using tactics of gossiping and demeaning others based on their looks. We read in class that men tend to get bullied more in regards to looking too “feminine”, rather than women getting bullied for looking too “masculine”. With that being said, I have a hunch that there may be some significance in the more gender/sex-based bullying a man receives the more he may invest in his appearance. It would be interesting to see whether or not the CNMI-45 has a subscale regarding that!

Thank you! We picked this topic because we felt it was culturally relevant, and a subject of debate we wanted to explore. I feel like we can improve by recognizing that we hold ourselves to outdated standards and to let people enjoy what they want and be themselves.

Thank you for your feedback, Nancy! To kind of add to what Caroline had said, our group was super interested in the ways in which parental influences affect women’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards gender norm conformity. Growing up, parental figures tend to be our earliest role models, and the behavior that they portray is one of the ways that we develop our ideas of what behavior is appropriate in society. In addition, based on some of our own personal experiences regarding gender/sex-based bullying, we thought it would be interesting to see whether or not gender/sex-based bullying moderated the relationship between our other two variables. We determined that peer feedback and parental behavior were two influential predictors of the way in which we base our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards gender norm conformity today, and wanted to see whether that also played a role in others.

Thank you! I agree that it would be interesting to explore other genders as well. I honestly don’t know what our results would be if we explored familial relationships because outcomes can be unpredictable, but I would be excited to read the findings!

This may be optimistic, but personally I would expect to see different results if the closeness of the parent-child pairs were taken into account. I think that the impact parents have on their children is largely based on how well their “love” or parenting is expressed and then received, so if a parent is negligent or distant, they may not have as large of an impact on their child’s beliefs. However, I would expect to see the opposite in a situation where the parent/the parent’s opinion is of high value to their child along with the presence of mutual respect and overall closeness.

However, it’s hard to say exactly what we might see in any particular study without the proper research behind it, but that’s a great detail, Maya, and it would be a pretty interesting study as well.

Thank you! Yeah, it was a lot of hypotheses, but it was worth it in the end. I found it interesting too that Division of Labor was a decent predictor for a couple of our sub-scales including Modesty, however it was nice to see that our data kind of mirrored the research that we did.

Thank you for your feedback, Dr. Kolar! That is a great observation and I do believe individual differences such as generational aspects may have been influential in the results of our study. In some of the background literature that my group had read, a few works from the ’70s-’90s expressed a more traditional lens towards division of labor (i.e., the husband working and the mother fulfilling domestic tasks). Especially with new generational advancements towards more equality among men and women, I do believe that those individuals that were younger may have experienced a more egalitarian parental division of labor than those of older ages. And in regards to the Familywise error rate in our study, after deliberation with our professor, it was determined that the familywise error was not of concern. I believe that this is because there was only 7 analyses that were run but I am not 100% sure of that!